Physics

Physics — Class 12

CBSE (Indian Curriculum) · Ages 17-18

CBSE Class 12 Physics is a board examination subject and a core requirement for engineering and medical entrance. Electromagnetism and optics dominate the paper.

Content covers electrostatics, current electricity, magnetic effects of current and magnetism, electromagnetic induction and alternating current, electromagnetic waves, optics, dual nature of radiation and matter, atoms and nuclei, and electronic devices.

Ray and wave optics together carry a large share of the marks, and numerical questions across electrostatics and current electricity are the most reliable place to secure them. Derivations are examined directly and must be reproduced accurately.

Key topics covered

• Electrostatics — Coulomb's law, electric field, potential, Gauss's law and capacitance.
• Current Electricity — Ohm's law, resistivity, Kirchhoff's rules, and the potentiometer and bridge.
• Magnetism & Magnetic Effects — Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, moving charges and magnetic materials.
• Electromagnetic Induction & AC — Faraday's law, Lenz's law, inductance, AC circuits and transformers.
• Ray & Wave Optics — Reflection, refraction, lenses, instruments, interference and diffraction.
• Dual Nature of Matter — Photoelectric effect, photons and de Broglie wavelength.
• Atoms & Nuclei — Bohr model, spectra, radioactivity, mass defect, fission and fusion.
• Electronic Devices — Semiconductors, diodes, rectifiers and logic gates.