Mathematics

Year 8 builds algebra into a genuine working tool: expanding single brackets, collecting like terms, and solving two-step linear equations. Sequences are introduced, including finding the nth term of simple linear sequences — a skill that underpins GCSE algebra later.

Ratio and proportion extend into direct proportion problems and percentage change (increases and decreases), and standard index form is introduced for writing very large or small numbers. Many schools introduce Pythagoras' theorem in Year 8, connecting algebra to geometry for the first time.

Geometry covers the area of compound shapes and circles, and the volume of prisms, while transformations (rotation, reflection and enlargement) and combined-event probability round out a year that's noticeably more abstract than Year 7.