Chemistry
Grade 12 · Canadian Curriculum (General)
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View topicsGrade 12 Chemistry (SCH4U in Ontario, Chemistry 30 in Alberta, Chemistry 12 in British Columbia) is required for engineering, pharmacy, medicine and physical-science programmes, and is widely regarded as one of the harder Grade 12 courses because several demanding topics arrive in quick succession.
Organic chemistry opens the course, followed by structure and properties of matter, energy changes and rates of reaction, chemical systems and equilibrium, and electrochemistry. Equilibrium is the pressure point: ICE tables, Ksp, acid-base equilibria and buffers build on one another, so a shaky understanding early in the unit shows up in every subsequent question.
Important Topics
- Organic ChemistryFunctional groups, reactions, polymers and systematic nomenclature.
- Structure & PropertiesQuantum model, orbitals, hybridisation and intermolecular forces.
- Energy Changes & RatesThermochemistry, Hess's law, enthalpy, kinetics and reaction mechanisms.
- Chemical EquilibriumICE tables, Le Chatelier's principle, Ksp and equilibrium calculations.
- Acids, Bases & BuffersKa and Kb, pH curves, titration analysis and buffer systems.
- ElectrochemistryRedox reactions, galvanic and electrolytic cells and cell potentials.
- University PreparationProblem-solving under time pressure and first-year expectations.
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