Biology

Grade 12 Biology (SBI4U in Ontario, Biology 30 in Alberta, Biology 12 in British Columbia) is a direct prerequisite for medicine, nursing, kinesiology and life-science degrees across Canada, and the final mark feeds into the admission average universities calculate from the top six Grade 12 courses.

The course is markedly more molecular than Grade 11: biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis and population dynamics. Metabolic processes — the detail of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain and the light and dark reactions — is the section students most often need help with, because it demands both the sequence of steps and the reasoning about energy at each one.