Mathematics

Year 9 completes Key Stage 3 and in most Welsh schools begins the GCSE course. Algebra extends to quadratic expressions, simultaneous equations, rearranging formulae and quadratic graphs, and pupils meet trigonometry in right-angled triangles.

Number work covers surds, index laws including negative and fractional indices, bounds and compound measures. Geometry covers circle theorems in some schemes, similarity and congruence, and vectors.

Tier decisions — Foundation or Higher — are typically made during or at the end of this year, which makes focused support here unusually consequential.