Mathematics

Mathematics — Class 9

CBSE (Indian Curriculum) · Ages 14-15

CBSE Class 9 Mathematics begins the board syllabus and is assessed internally, but its content is assumed entirely by Class 10. Students study number systems including irrational numbers and surds, polynomials and the factor theorem, and linear equations in two variables.

Geometry becomes proof-based for the first time — Euclid's axioms, lines and angles, triangles, quadrilaterals and circles all require formal reasoning. Coordinate geometry, Heron's formula, surface areas and volumes, statistics and probability complete the year.

Key topics covered

• Number Systems — Rational and irrational numbers, surds, and laws of exponents.
• Polynomials — Degree, zeroes, the remainder and factor theorems, and factorisation.
• Linear Equations in Two Variables — Solutions, graphs, and equations of lines parallel to the axes.
• Coordinate Geometry — The Cartesian plane, plotting points and reading coordinates.
• Geometry & Proof — Euclid's axioms, lines and angles, triangles, quadrilaterals and circles.
• Mensuration — Heron's formula, and surface area and volume of solids.
• Statistics & Probability — Data presentation, measures of central tendency and empirical probability.